Health and Safety
What is abortion?
Abortion is a medical process that ends a pregnancy. It is a common and safe part of healthcare when provided using approved methods and appropriate medical guidance.
There are two main types of abortion:
- Abortion using medicines (often called abortion pills or medical abortion)
- Abortion through a medical procedure, performed by a trained provider in a clinic or hospital
The method used depends on how many weeks pregnant you are and what is medically appropriate for you.
Abortion Through Pills (Medical Abortion)
Abortion through pills, also called medical abortion, is a safe and commonly used method to end an early pregnancy. In India, it can be provided up to 9 weeks of pregnancy, with advice and prescription from a registered doctor.
This method uses two medicines, Mifepristone and Misoprostol. Together, they stop the pregnancy from continuing and help the uterus expel it, in a process similar to a miscarriage.
What to expect
- Cramping, which can be strong
- Bleeding heavier than a period
- Passing clots or tissue
- Nausea, fever, chills, or fatigue in some cases
These effects are expected and usually settle with time. A follow-up (in person or remote) may be advised to confirm that the abortion is complete. Pain relief and clear instructions should always be provided.
Important to know
Medical abortion pills should only be taken after consulting a registered doctor. This ensures the pregnancy duration is confirmed, the method is appropriate, and you receive the correct dosage, clear instructions, and information on warning signs or when to seek care.
Surgical Abortion (Procedure-Based Abortion)
A surgical (procedure-based) abortion is a safe clinical procedure performed by a trained medical provider at an approved clinic or hospital. The procedure is usually quick, and most people can go home the same day.
In India:
- It can be provided up to 20 weeks of pregnancy with the opinion of one registered doctor
- Between 20 and 24 weeks, it may be allowed in specific circumstances with the opinion of two registered doctors, as permitted by law
A procedure-based abortion may also be used when abortion pills are not suitable or have not worked.
Is abortion safe?
Yes. Abortion is very safe when done using approved methods, either pills or procedures, under the care of trained providers and within legal gestation limits. Serious complications are uncommon.
Health risks increase when people are forced to rely on unsafe or unverified methods, or delay care due to stigma, misinformation, or lack of access. Accurate information and timely, quality services are key to ensuring safety.
Aftercare and recovery
After an abortion:
- Light to moderate bleeding is normal for several days
- You may feel tired and need rest
- Avoid strenuous activity for a short period if advised
- Take any prescribed medicines as directed
Your provider should explain what is normal during recovery and when to seek help. Most people can return to daily activities within a short time.
When to seek urgent medical care
Seek medical help immediately if you experience:
- Very heavy bleeding (soaking multiple pads in an hour)
- Severe or worsening abdominal pain
- High fever or chills lasting more than a day
- Foul-smelling vaginal discharge
- Dizziness, fainting, nausea, or feeling very unwell
